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APA 7th Edition Citation Guide
Personal Communications (E-mails, Interviews, etc.)

Personal Communications (Emails, Interviews, etc.)

E-mails, instant messages, unpublished personal interviews, conversations, unrecorded lectures, and any other communication that is not available publicly should be cited as a Personal Communication.  Personal Communications only require an in-text citation. They do not need an entry on the References page. 


In-text Citation Format:

... (A. A. Author, Personal communication, Month Day, Year).

In-text Citation Example:

...(D. Hoiland, Personal communication, December 5, 2022).