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Chicago/Turabian Citation Guide
Websites

Webpage

For webpages with individual authors, cite them as you would a newspaper or magazine article.

If no publication or revision date is available, include the date you accessed the webpage.

Footnotes/Endnotes Format:

First note:

1. "Title of Webpage," Name of Website, Publishing Organization, Publication, Revision, or Accession Date, URL.

After the first note:

2. Publishing Organization, "Title of Webpage."

Footnotes/Endnotes Example:

First note:

1. "Coronavirus COVID-19," Saint Paul Minnesota, The City of Saint Paul, June 3, 2020, https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/emergency-management/coronavirus-covid-19.

After the first note:

2. City of Saint Paul, "Coronavirus COVID-19."

 

Bibliography Page Format:

"Title of Webpage." Name of Website, Publishing Organization, Publication or revision date, URL.

Bibliography Page Example:

"Coronavirus COVID-19." Saint Paul Minnesota. The City of Saint Paul, June 3, 2020. https://www.stpaul.gov/departments/emergency-management/coronavirus-covid-19.

Social Media Post

Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text using a Note or an Author-Date citation (even in the notes/bibliography style!).

If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a bibliography entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. 

To cite a comment on a post, use the reference for the original post, clarify it is a comment, list the commenter's name, and include the date and time of the comment. 

Footnotes/Endnotes Format:

First note:

1. First name Last name (@username), "Title of the post or first 160 characters," Social Media Platform, Date, URL.

After the first note:

2. Last Name, "Abbreviated Title of Post."

Footnotes/Endnotes Example:

First note:

1. Lin-Manuel Miranda (@Lin_Manuel), "Gmorning. Check in w the family and friends who love you. Load up on the sustenance you need for this moment, this day, this life," Twitter, June 3, 2020, 7:41 AM, https://twitter.com/Lin_Manuel/status/1268160863111970817.

After the first note:

2. Miranda, "Check in."

 

Bibliography Page Format:

Last name, First name (@username). "Title of post or first 160 characters." Social Media Platform, Date, URL.

Bibliography Page Example:

Miranda, Lin-Manuel (@Lin_Manuel). "Gmorning. Check in w the family and friends who love you. Load up on the sustenance you need for this moment, this day, this life." Twitter, June 3, 2020,  https://twitter.com/Lin_Manuel/status/1268160863111970817.

Online Videos

If the first and last name of the creator is not provided, use their username. For videos on other website, replace "YouTube" with the title of the website.

Footnotes/Endnotes Format:

First note:

1. First name Last name, "Title of Video," YouTube, Publication date, video, length of video, URL.

After the first note:

2. Last Name, "Title of Video."

Footnotes/Endnotes Example:

First note:

1. Jamie Oliver, "How to make Jamie's Lasagne," YouTube, May 31, 2020, video, 5:46, https://youtu.be/GK7GObLUCWU.

After the first note:

2. Oliver, "Jamie's Lasagne."

 

Bibliography Page Format:

Last name, First name. "Title of Video." YouTube. Publication date. Video, length of video. URL.

Bibliography Page Example:

Oliver, Jamie. "How to make Jamie's Lasagne." YouTube. May 31, 2020. Video, 5:46. https://youtu.be/GK7GObLUCWU.