Notes/Bibliography style involves footnotes or endnotes as well as a bibliography list. Make sure your professor wants you to use this instead of the author/date style.
Superscript numbers1 <- such as these, are used within the text of a paper to indicate a note is available. The note then starts off with the corresponding number (but in full size).
You have most likely seen footnotes or endnotes before. They often appear at the bottom of a page and look something like this:
Within notes, the authors' names are listed with their full first and last names. Multiple authors are separated by commas and the word 'and'. If there are more than three authors for one source, use the first author's name followed by et al. in the notes but include all of the authors in the bibliography.
If something is cited in the notes more than once, a shortened version of the note is used after the first time the resource is cited in full.
Then, a list of full citations is located at the end of your paper and is titled 'Bibliography'. The main difference between the in-text citation and citations in the bibliography is that the first author's name is inverted. This is to help put the list in alphabetical order by authors' last names.
See below for more information on citing authors and use the tabs on the left to see information on citing by source type.
When there are one to three authors, list them all in both the notes and the bibliography.
Watch out for another difference between citations in notes and bibliographies: authors' names are followed by a comma in the notes, but end in a period in the bibliography.
First note:
1. First Author's First and Last Name, Second Author's First and Last Name, and Third Author's First and Last Name, Format the remainder according to source type.
After the first note:
2. First Author's Last Name, Second Author's Last name, and Third Author's Last Name. Format the remainder according to source type.
First note:
1. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality,” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
After the first note:
2. Keng, Lin, and Orazem, “Expanding College Access,” 23.
First Author's Last Name, First Author's First Name, Second Author's First and Last Name, and Third Author's First and Last Name. Format the remainder according to source type.
Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
If there are four or more authors, include the first author's name in the notes followed by et al. For the bibliography, you can list up to ten authors without using the et al. abbreviation. If there are more than ten authors, the bibliography should include the first seven names followed by et al.
First note:
1. First Author's First and Last Name et al., Format the remainder according to source type.
After the first note:
2. First Author's Last Name et al., Format the remainder according to source type.
First note:
1. Vikram Patel et al., "Income Inequality and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of the Association and a Scoping Review of Mechanisms." World Psychiatry 17, no. 1 (2018): 78. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20492.
After the first note:
2. Patel et al., "Income Inequality and Depression," 82.
First Author's Last Name, First Author's First Name, Second Author's First and Last Name, Third Author's First and Last Name, etc. Format the remainder according to source type.
Patel, Vikram, Jonathan K. Burns, Monisha Dhingra, Leslie Tarver, Brandon A. Kohrt, and Crick Lund. "Income Inequality and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of the Association and a Scoping Review of Mechanisms." World Psychiatry 17, no. 1 (2018): 76-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20492.
